Africa’s 10 Best Female Athletes

Not only have African male athletes successfully honored the continent, there are also female champions who have been able to mark the history of their African countries by raising their flags at different international sport events. In a variety of sports, women from all parts of Africa have been able to impress the world by their great achievements.

  
 

Maria Lourdes Mutola (Mozambique)

Maria de Lurdes Mutola, born in 1972 in Maputo, is a Mozambican athlete specializing in mid-distance races, including 800 meters. Also called the “Maputo Express”, Mutola is the only Mozambican athlete in history, including both men and women, to have won a world or Olympic title. She is also the only athlete in history to have won four world or Olympic titles over 800 meters.

During twenty years of competing at the highest level, she won the Olympic title in 2000, three titles at the World Open-Air Championships, as well as seven victories at the World Indoor Championships. She also won five titles at the African Championships, three at the African Games, and two at the Commonwealth Games. This legendary athlete has a career full of great achievements. In addition, Mutola has two world records of 1,000 meters in Brussels (1995) and Stockholm (1999), two 800-meter world championships in 1993 and 2001, first place in the 800-meter World Cup final Meters in 2001 in Lisbon, and a gold medal at the Sydney Olympic Games (2000).

Queen of the 800m, Maria Mutola is also a champion with a big heart. In a historical decision, Maria Mutola didn’t defend her 800-meter Olympic champion title in Athens in 2004. Instead, she decided to withdraw from the high Competition in order to give way to young people. “I’m leaving to give way to young talents who are full of ambition and want to enjoy the podium. I have confidence in them,” says Maria Mutola.

 
Maria Lourdes Mutola
 
Maria Lourdes Mutola
 

Kirsty Leigh Coventry (Zimbabwe)

Born on 16 September 1983 in Harare, Kirsty Coventry is a Zimbabwean swimmer specializing in backstroke and four medley competitions. She discovered international competition in the late 1990s, and her first participation in the Olympic Games was in 2000 in Sydney. Four years later at the Olympic games of Athens 2004, she became the first individual Olympic champion of her country. She confirmed her new status by winning several awards at the world championships, including two world titles won in 2005 in Montreal. After underperforming in 2006 and 2007, Coventry beat the holder of the world record in February of 2008. A few months later, at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Coventry retained her Olympic title in the 200 backstroke and won three other silver medals. For her excellent performance at the Beijing Olympics, Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe gave her a check for US $ 100,000. In return, Coventry handed over a portion of this money to charities. President of the Zimbabwe Olympic Committee, Paul Chingoka, described her as “our national treasure”, and President Mugabe himself said she was “a golden girl”.

 
Kirsty Leigh Coventry
 
Kirsty Leigh Coventry
 

Tirunesh Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Born in 1985 in Bekoji, Tirunesh Dibaba is an Ethiopian cross-country racer who was able to win three Olympic titles, five world championships on track, and four cross-country championship titles between 2003 and 2013. She is also the only athlete to have achieved the double in 5,000 and 10,000 meters in the same edition of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. Additionally, Tirunesh is the first to consecutively win the 10,000 meters during the Games in 2008 and 2012. She is also the current holder of the world record of 5,000 meters- with a time of 14 min 11 s 15- established in Oslo in 2008.

In her second participation in the Marathon distance in London 2017, Tirunesh Dibaba became the  third-fastest woman in history, as well as the Ethiopian record holder, when she finished in second place with 2:17:56.

 
Tirunesh Dibaba
 
Tirunesh Dibaba
 

Françoise Mbango (Cameroon)

Françoise Mbango Etone, born on April 14, 1976 in Yaoundé, is a Cameroonian athlete specializing in triple jump. Mbango is the first and only Cameroonian athlete in history to have won a world or Olympic title. She was a gold medalist in triple jumping in Athens in 2004, as well as in Beijing in 2008.

She started her career with a first medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. She then won her first medal in 2001 at the World Championships in Edmonton, finishing second behind Russia’s Tatyana Lebedeva. Only a year later, she won a new silver medal at the Commonwealth Games held in Manchester. At the Olympics in Athens, Mbango later won the title in a competition where she first crossed the 15.30 m- her personal best.

Mbango crossed 14.76 meters at the 2008 African Championships in Addis Ababa, giving her a place to defend her title at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. However, this participation was thanks to an intervention by the International Olympic Committee, since the Cameroonian federation did not want to register her in games despite her performances. In the Beijing  competition, she jumped 15.39 meters, which allowed her to win a second Olympic title. Mbango has since lived in France for more than twenty years, and she obtained the French nationality in 2010.

 
Françoise Mbango
 
Françoise Mbango
 

Caster Semenya (South Africa)

Specialist of the 800m, this young athlete from South Africa is a double Olympic champion and triple world champion in this distance. Semenya won the gold medal at the World Championships of Berlin in 2009. From then on, she aroused much controversy. Her appearance pushed the IAAF to subject her to tests of femininity, and they revealed the following: Caster Semenya is intersexed. This means that she is genetically a man, but in a woman’s body.

Her first sporting participation in an international competition dates back to 2008, in which the young athlete competed in the 800m junior world championships. A year later in 2009, Caster won the gold medal at the African Championships in Mauritius. She then became the World Champion in Berlin in 2009, as well as in Daegu in 2011. She also won the gold medal of the Olympic Games in London 2012 and Rio 2016, before she once again became the world champion in London 2017.

 
Caster Semenya
 
Caster Semenya
 

Isabelle Sambou (Senegal)

Isabelle Sambou is a Senegalese freestyle wrestler born on the 20th of October, 1980, in Mlomp Haer, Senegal. At the African Wrestling Championships, she is a nine-time gold medalist in less than 51 kg in 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013, and under 53 kg in 2014 and 2016.  Sambo is also a four-time silver medalist in less than 56 kg in 2001, less than 51 kg in 2006, less than 48 kg in 2012, and less than 53 kg in 2015. She too won the bronze medal In 2002 in less than 55 kg, in addition to the 2009 world title of beach wrestling in less than 70 kg.

Isabelle Sambou was crowned as 2015’s “African Wrestler of the Decade” by the World Wrestling Union (WWU). She is a female sports model in Senegal because she represents the strong women in Senegalese sports. Senegal is famous for its traditional sport of Senegalese wrestling, mainly played by men, so Isabelle Sambou appears like a model for all the fighters of this beautiful country. Her nomination as Senegal’s flag bearer to the latest Olympic Games also shows just how important the lady is to the world of sport in Senegal.

 
Isabelle Sambou
 
Isabelle Sambou
 

Meseret Defar (Ethiopia)

Born in 1983 in Addis Ababa,  Meseret Defar is an Ethiopian athlete specializing in long-distance running. She was the Olympic champion of the 5,000 meters in the Olympic Games of both Athens 2004 and London 2012, as well as a bronze medalist in Beijing 2008. She was also the 5000m outdoor world champion twice in Osaka 2007 and Moscow 2013, and a four-time champion on the 3000m indoor track in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010. In addition, Defar won a silver and two bronze medals at the 2005, 2009, and 2011 world championships, and two silver medals in 2012 and 2016.

On June 3, 2006 in New York, Meseret Defar broke the world record of  5000m by scoring 14 min 24.s 53. One year later, in February of 2007, she beat another world record in Stuttgart; however, this record was for the time of  8: 23,72 , on the 3000 meters in covered track. In Stockholm 2009, she once again broke the world record of the 5000 meters in covered track with 14:24, 37. All of these achievements have made her a legendary African athlete.

 
Meseret Defar
 
Meseret Defar
 

Derartu Tulu (Ethiopia)

Born in the village of Bekoji, in the Arsi region of central Ethiopia in 1969, Derartu Tulu is one of the legendary African runners specializing in long-distance running, including cross country runningroad running, and the marathon distance.

Tulu is known as the first African, black female athlete to win an Olympic title. She won the women’s 10000 meters race in the Barcelona Olympics in 1992. Derartu also became the first athlete to win two Olympic titles over the distance of 10,000m, when she won the race in the Olympic games of Sydney in 2000. In addition to three cross-country championships and the London Marathon, the Ethiopian champion also won the world title of 10,000m in Edmonton in 2001. Along with this information, it is interesting to note that Tulu is the cousin of Tirunesh Dibaba.

 
Derartu Tulu
 
Derartu Tulu
 

Nawal El Moutawakel (Morocco)

Moutawakel was a gold medalist at the 1984 Olympic Games on the first 400 meters women’s hurdles. As minister of Moroccan Sports from 2007 to 2009, Nawal El Moutawakel is the first Moroccan, Arab, African, and Muslim woman to win an Olympic gold medal in the 400m hurdles event at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. This was the first time that the race was included in the program of the Olympic Games

In 1962, Nawal El Moutawakel was born in Casablanca, Morocco. She continued her university studies in the United States, which led her to the position of an athletic coach. In 1995, she became a member of the International Athletics Federation. She later became a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1998, holding important positions on the Executive Board. At the same time, King Hassan II appointed her as Secretary of State for Youth and Sports in Morocco. She once again held this position in 2007 as minister. She is a symbol of the modern Moroccan woman: a figure of a movement of emancipation through sport, culture, and integration with the political life. She is currently Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee, and a member of the Executive Committee of the International Association of Athletics Federations.

 
Nawal El Moutawakel
 
Nawal El Moutawakel
 

Portia Modise ( South Africa)

Portia Modise is a former player of the women’s football team of South Africa. She is the first African female player to reach the 100th goal scored for the national team. She was elected “best player” of the African Championship in 2006.

Portia Modise was born in Soweto, and she began football competitions with the Soweto Ladies in 1996. In 2005, Modise was one of two African women, along with Perpetua Nkwocha, to be nominated as FIFA World Player of the Year, which was won by Germany’s Birgit Prinz.

At the 2006 African Women’s Soccer Championship, Modise scored a goal for the South African national team in the third-place match against Cameroon, and she was voted best player of the tournament. Modise also played for the Fortuna Hjørring, Orlando Pirates, Jomo Cosmos FC, and Palace Super Falcons 6.

 
Portia Modise
 
Portia Modise
 

 

Africa’s 10 Best Female Athletes

Not only have African male athletes successfully honored the continent, there are also female champions who have been able to mark the history of their African countries by raising their flags at different international sport events. In a variety of sports, women from all parts of Africa have been able to impress the world by their great achievements.

  
 

Maria Lourdes Mutola (Mozambique)

Maria de Lurdes Mutola, born in 1972 in Maputo, is a Mozambican athlete specializing in mid-distance races, including 800 meters. Also called the “Maputo Express”, Mutola is the only Mozambican athlete in history, including both men and women, to have won a world or Olympic title. She is also the only athlete in history to have won four world or Olympic titles over 800 meters.

During twenty years of competing at the highest level, she won the Olympic title in 2000, three titles at the World Open-Air Championships, as well as seven victories at the World Indoor Championships. She also won five titles at the African Championships, three at the African Games, and two at the Commonwealth Games. This legendary athlete has a career full of great achievements. In addition, Mutola has two world records of 1,000 meters in Brussels (1995) and Stockholm (1999), two 800-meter world championships in 1993 and 2001, first place in the 800-meter World Cup final Meters in 2001 in Lisbon, and a gold medal at the Sydney Olympic Games (2000).

Queen of the 800m, Maria Mutola is also a champion with a big heart. In a historical decision, Maria Mutola didn’t defend her 800-meter Olympic champion title in Athens in 2004. Instead, she decided to withdraw from the high Competition in order to give way to young people. “I’m leaving to give way to young talents who are full of ambition and want to enjoy the podium. I have confidence in them,” says Maria Mutola.

 
Maria Lourdes Mutola
 
Maria Lourdes Mutola
 

Kirsty Leigh Coventry (Zimbabwe)

Born on 16 September 1983 in Harare, Kirsty Coventry is a Zimbabwean swimmer specializing in backstroke and four medley competitions. She discovered international competition in the late 1990s, and her first participation in the Olympic Games was in 2000 in Sydney. Four years later at the Olympic games of Athens 2004, she became the first individual Olympic champion of her country. She confirmed her new status by winning several awards at the world championships, including two world titles won in 2005 in Montreal. After underperforming in 2006 and 2007, Coventry beat the holder of the world record in February of 2008. A few months later, at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Coventry retained her Olympic title in the 200 backstroke and won three other silver medals. For her excellent performance at the Beijing Olympics, Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe gave her a check for US $ 100,000. In return, Coventry handed over a portion of this money to charities. President of the Zimbabwe Olympic Committee, Paul Chingoka, described her as “our national treasure”, and President Mugabe himself said she was “a golden girl”.

 
Kirsty Leigh Coventry
 
Kirsty Leigh Coventry
 

Tirunesh Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Born in 1985 in Bekoji, Tirunesh Dibaba is an Ethiopian cross-country racer who was able to win three Olympic titles, five world championships on track, and four cross-country championship titles between 2003 and 2013. She is also the only athlete to have achieved the double in 5,000 and 10,000 meters in the same edition of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. Additionally, Tirunesh is the first to consecutively win the 10,000 meters during the Games in 2008 and 2012. She is also the current holder of the world record of 5,000 meters- with a time of 14 min 11 s 15- established in Oslo in 2008.

In her second participation in the Marathon distance in London 2017, Tirunesh Dibaba became the  third-fastest woman in history, as well as the Ethiopian record holder, when she finished in second place with 2:17:56.

 
Tirunesh Dibaba
 
Tirunesh Dibaba
 

Françoise Mbango (Cameroon)

Françoise Mbango Etone, born on April 14, 1976 in Yaoundé, is a Cameroonian athlete specializing in triple jump. Mbango is the first and only Cameroonian athlete in history to have won a world or Olympic title. She was a gold medalist in triple jumping in Athens in 2004, as well as in Beijing in 2008.

She started her career with a first medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. She then won her first medal in 2001 at the World Championships in Edmonton, finishing second behind Russia’s Tatyana Lebedeva. Only a year later, she won a new silver medal at the Commonwealth Games held in Manchester. At the Olympics in Athens, Mbango later won the title in a competition where she first crossed the 15.30 m- her personal best.

Mbango crossed 14.76 meters at the 2008 African Championships in Addis Ababa, giving her a place to defend her title at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. However, this participation was thanks to an intervention by the International Olympic Committee, since the Cameroonian federation did not want to register her in games despite her performances. In the Beijing  competition, she jumped 15.39 meters, which allowed her to win a second Olympic title. Mbango has since lived in France for more than twenty years, and she obtained the French nationality in 2010.

 
Françoise Mbango
 
Françoise Mbango
 

Caster Semenya (South Africa)

Specialist of the 800m, this young athlete from South Africa is a double Olympic champion and triple world champion in this distance. Semenya won the gold medal at the World Championships of Berlin in 2009. From then on, she aroused much controversy. Her appearance pushed the IAAF to subject her to tests of femininity, and they revealed the following: Caster Semenya is intersexed. This means that she is genetically a man, but in a woman’s body.

Her first sporting participation in an international competition dates back to 2008, in which the young athlete competed in the 800m junior world championships. A year later in 2009, Caster won the gold medal at the African Championships in Mauritius. She then became the World Champion in Berlin in 2009, as well as in Daegu in 2011. She also won the gold medal of the Olympic Games in London 2012 and Rio 2016, before she once again became the world champion in London 2017.

 
Caster Semenya
 
Caster Semenya
 

Isabelle Sambou (Senegal)

Isabelle Sambou is a Senegalese freestyle wrestler born on the 20th of October, 1980, in Mlomp Haer, Senegal. At the African Wrestling Championships, she is a nine-time gold medalist in less than 51 kg in 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013, and under 53 kg in 2014 and 2016.  Sambo is also a four-time silver medalist in less than 56 kg in 2001, less than 51 kg in 2006, less than 48 kg in 2012, and less than 53 kg in 2015. She too won the bronze medal In 2002 in less than 55 kg, in addition to the 2009 world title of beach wrestling in less than 70 kg.

Isabelle Sambou was crowned as 2015’s “African Wrestler of the Decade” by the World Wrestling Union (WWU). She is a female sports model in Senegal because she represents the strong women in Senegalese sports. Senegal is famous for its traditional sport of Senegalese wrestling, mainly played by men, so Isabelle Sambou appears like a model for all the fighters of this beautiful country. Her nomination as Senegal’s flag bearer to the latest Olympic Games also shows just how important the lady is to the world of sport in Senegal.

 
Isabelle Sambou
 
Isabelle Sambou
 

Meseret Defar (Ethiopia)

Born in 1983 in Addis Ababa,  Meseret Defar is an Ethiopian athlete specializing in long-distance running. She was the Olympic champion of the 5,000 meters in the Olympic Games of both Athens 2004 and London 2012, as well as a bronze medalist in Beijing 2008. She was also the 5000m outdoor world champion twice in Osaka 2007 and Moscow 2013, and a four-time champion on the 3000m indoor track in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010. In addition, Defar won a silver and two bronze medals at the 2005, 2009, and 2011 world championships, and two silver medals in 2012 and 2016.

On June 3, 2006 in New York, Meseret Defar broke the world record of  5000m by scoring 14 min 24.s 53. One year later, in February of 2007, she beat another world record in Stuttgart; however, this record was for the time of  8: 23,72 , on the 3000 meters in covered track. In Stockholm 2009, she once again broke the world record of the 5000 meters in covered track with 14:24, 37. All of these achievements have made her a legendary African athlete.

 
Meseret Defar
 
Meseret Defar
 

Derartu Tulu (Ethiopia)

Born in the village of Bekoji, in the Arsi region of central Ethiopia in 1969, Derartu Tulu is one of the legendary African runners specializing in long-distance running, including cross country runningroad running, and the marathon distance.

Tulu is known as the first African, black female athlete to win an Olympic title. She won the women’s 10000 meters race in the Barcelona Olympics in 1992. Derartu also became the first athlete to win two Olympic titles over the distance of 10,000m, when she won the race in the Olympic games of Sydney in 2000. In addition to three cross-country championships and the London Marathon, the Ethiopian champion also won the world title of 10,000m in Edmonton in 2001. Along with this information, it is interesting to note that Tulu is the cousin of Tirunesh Dibaba.

 
Derartu Tulu
 
Derartu Tulu
 

Nawal El Moutawakel (Morocco)

Moutawakel was a gold medalist at the 1984 Olympic Games on the first 400 meters women’s hurdles. As minister of Moroccan Sports from 2007 to 2009, Nawal El Moutawakel is the first Moroccan, Arab, African, and Muslim woman to win an Olympic gold medal in the 400m hurdles event at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. This was the first time that the race was included in the program of the Olympic Games

In 1962, Nawal El Moutawakel was born in Casablanca, Morocco. She continued her university studies in the United States, which led her to the position of an athletic coach. In 1995, she became a member of the International Athletics Federation. She later became a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1998, holding important positions on the Executive Board. At the same time, King Hassan II appointed her as Secretary of State for Youth and Sports in Morocco. She once again held this position in 2007 as minister. She is a symbol of the modern Moroccan woman: a figure of a movement of emancipation through sport, culture, and integration with the political life. She is currently Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee, and a member of the Executive Committee of the International Association of Athletics Federations.

 
Nawal El Moutawakel
 
Nawal El Moutawakel
 

Portia Modise ( South Africa)

Portia Modise is a former player of the women’s football team of South Africa. She is the first African female player to reach the 100th goal scored for the national team. She was elected “best player” of the African Championship in 2006.

Portia Modise was born in Soweto, and she began football competitions with the Soweto Ladies in 1996. In 2005, Modise was one of two African women, along with Perpetua Nkwocha, to be nominated as FIFA World Player of the Year, which was won by Germany’s Birgit Prinz.

At the 2006 African Women’s Soccer Championship, Modise scored a goal for the South African national team in the third-place match against Cameroon, and she was voted best player of the tournament. Modise also played for the Fortuna Hjørring, Orlando Pirates, Jomo Cosmos FC, and Palace Super Falcons 6.

 
Portia Modise
 
Portia Modise
 

 

Overview

Gender inequity, poverty among women, weak economic capacity, sexual and gender-based violence including female genital mutilation (FGM) are major impediments to the amelioration of women's health in the African Region. To ensure that women and men have equal access to the necessary opportunities to achieve their full health potential and health equity, the health sector and the community need to recognize that women and men differ in terms of both sex and gender. Because of social (gender) and biological (sex) differences, women and men experience different health risks, health-seeking behaviour, health outcomes and responses from health systems.

Furthermore, gender social stratifications have resulted in unequal benefits among various social groups of women and men as well as between women and men. Hence, continued support to Member States to roll out the Women's health strategy and its resolution, and integrating gender into health policies and programmes have been the major achievements.

Women in the African Region are more likely to die from communicable diseases (e.g. HIV, tuberculosis and malaria), maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies, than women in other regions. Globally, about 468 million women aged 15–49 years (30% of all women) are thought to be anaemic, at least half because of iron deficiency and most of these anaemic women live in Africa (48–57%).

It’s reported that 1 in 4 deaths among adult women are caused by NCDs such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Tobacco is a leading risk factor for NCDs and its use is increasing among young women in the Region.

Factsheet

Key Facts

  • Worldwide, women live an average four years longer than men.
  • In 2011, women's life expectancy at birth was more than 80 years in 46 countries, but only 58 years in the WHO African Region.
  • Girls are far more likely than boys to suffer sexual abuse.
  • Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls in high- and upper-middle-income countries.
  • Almost all (99%) of the approximate 287 000 maternal deaths every year occur in developing countries.
  • Globally, cardiovascular disease, often thought to be a "male" problem, is the number one killer of women.
  • Breast cancer is the leading cancer killer among women aged 20–59 years worldwide.
     
     
     
  • Infancy and childhood (0-9 years)
     
     

    Both death rates and the causes of death are similar for boys and girls during infancy and childhood. Prematurity, birth asphyxia and infections are the main causes of death during the first month of life, which is the time of life when the risk of death is the highest.

    Pneumonia, prematurity, birth asphyxia and diarrhoea are the main causes of death during the first five years of life. Malnutrition is a major contributing factor in 45% of deaths in children aged less than 5 years.

    Adolescent girls (10-19 years)
    Mental health and injuries

    Self-inflicted injuries, road traffic injuries and drowning are among the main causes of death worldwide in adolescent girls.

    Depressive disorders and – in adolescents aged 15-19 years, schizophrenia – are leading causes of ill health.

    HIV/AIDS

    In 2011, about 820 000 women and men aged 15-24 were newly infected with HIV in low- and middle-income countries; more than 60% of them were women.

    Globally, adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) are twice as likely to be at risk of HIV infection compared to boys and young men in the same age group. This higher risk of HIV is associated with unsafe and often unwanted and forced sexual activity.

    Adolescent pregnancy

    Early childbearing increases risks for both mothers and their newborns. Although progress has been made in reducing the birth rate among adolescents, more than 15 million of the 135 million live births worldwide are among girls aged 15-19 years.

    Pregnant adolescents are more likely than adults to have unsafe abortions. An estimated three million unsafe abortions occur globally every year among girls aged 15-19 years. Unsafe abortions contribute substantially to lasting health problems and maternal deaths. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are an important cause of death among girls aged 15–19 in low- and middle-income countries.

    Substance use

    Adolescent girls are increasingly using tobacco and alcohol, which risks compromising their health, particularly in later life. In some places girls are using tobacco and alcohol nearly as much as boys. For example, in the WHO Region of the Americas, 23% of boys and 21% of girls aged 13-15 reported that they used tobacco in the previous month.

    Nutrition

    In 21 out of 41 countries with data, more than one third of girls aged 15-19 years are anaemic. Anaemia, most commonly iron-deficiency anaemia, increases the risk of haemorrhage and sepsis during childbirth. It causes cognitive and physical deficits in young children and reduces productivity in adults. Women and girls are most vulnerable to anaemia due to insufficient iron in their diets, menstrual blood loss and periods of rapid growth.

    Reproductive age (15-44 years) and adult women (20-59 years)
    HIV/AIDS

    For women aged 15-44 years, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death worldwide, with unsafe sex being the main risk factor in developing countries. Biological factors, lack of access to information and health services, economic vulnerability and unequal power in sexual relations expose women, particularly young women, to HIV infection.

    Maternal health

    Maternal deaths are the second biggest killer of women of reproductive age. Every year, approximately 287 000 women die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, 99% of them are in developing countries.

    Despite the increase in contraceptive use over the past 30 years, many women in all regions still do not have access to modern contraceptive methods. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, one in four women who wish to delay or stop childbearing does not use any family planning method.

    Tuberculosis

    Tuberculosis is often linked to HIV infection and is among the five leading causes of death, in low-income countries, among women of reproductive age and among adult women aged 20–59 years.

    Injuries

    Both self-inflicted injuries and road injuries figure among the top 10 causes of death among adult women (20-59 years) globally. In the WHO South-East Asia Region, burns are among the top 10 leading causes of death among women aged 15–44. Women suffer significantly more fire-related injuries and deaths than men, due to cooking accidents or as the result of intimate partner and family violence.

    Cervical cancer

    Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with all cases linked to a sexually transmitted genital infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Due to poor access to screening and treatment services, more than 90% of deaths occur in women living in low- and middle- income countries.

    Violence

    Violence against women is widespread around the world. Recent figures indicate that 35% of women worldwide have experienced either intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. On average, 30% of women who have been in a relationship experienced some form of physical or sexual violence by their partner.

    Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an intimate partner.

    Women who have been physically or sexually abused have higher rates of mental ill-health, unintended pregnancies, abortions and miscarriages than non-abused women. Women exposed to partner violence are twice as likely to be depressed, almost twice as likely to have alcohol use disorders, and 1.5 times more likely to have HIV or another sexually transmitted infection. 42% of them have experienced injuries as a result. Increasingly in many conflicts, sexual violence is also used as a tactic of war.

    Depression and suicide

    Women are more susceptible to depression and anxiety than men. Depression is the leading cause of disease burden for women in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Depression following childbirth, affects 20% of mothers in low- and lower-middle-income countries, which is even higher than previous reports from high-income countries.

    Every year, an estimated 800 000 people die from suicide globally, the majority being men. However, there are exceptions, for instance in China where the suicide rate in rural areas is higher among women than men. Attempted suicide, which exceeds suicide by up to 20 times, is generally more frequent among women than men and causes an unrecognized burden of disability. At the same time, attempted suicide is an important risk factor for death from suicide and shows the need for appropriate health services for this group.

    Disabilities

    Disability – which affects 15% of the world’s population – is more common among women than men. Women with disabilities have poorer health outcomes, lower education achievements, less economic participation and higher rates of poverty than women without disabilities. Adult women with disabilities are at least 1.5 times more likely to be a victim of violence than those without a disability.

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    Tobacco use and the burning of solid fuels for cooking are the primary risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a life-threatening lung disease – in women. One third of all of the COPD deaths and disease burden in women is caused by exposure to indoor smoke from cooking with open fires or inefficient stoves.

    Older women (60 years and over)

    Globally, men slightly outnumber women but, as women tend to live longer than men, they represent a higher proportion of older adults: 54% of people 60 years of age and older are women, a proportion that rises to almost 60% at age 75 and older, and to 70% at age 90 and older.

    Noncommunicable diseases

    Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers, are the biggest causes of death among older women, regardless of the level of economic development of the country in which they live. Cardiovascular diseases account for 46% of older women’s deaths globally, while a further 14% of deaths are caused by cancers – mainly cancers of the lung, breast, colon and stomach. Chronic respiratory conditions, mainly COPD, cause another 9% of older women’s deaths.

    Many of the health problems faced by women in older age are the result of exposure to risk factors in adolescence and adulthood, such as smoking, sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets.

    Disability

    Other health problems experienced by older women that decrease physical and cognitive functioning include poor vision (including cataracts), hearing loss, arthritis, depression and dementia. Although men also suffer from these conditions, in many countries women are less likely to receive treatment or supportive aids than men.

    Older women experience more disability than men, reflecting broader determinants of health such as:

    • inequities in norms and policies that disadvantage women;
    • changing household structures; and
    • higher rates of unpaid or informal sector work.

    These factors combine to increase vulnerabilities, and reduce access to needed and effective health services.

Overview

Gender inequity, poverty among women, weak economic capacity, sexual and gender-based violence including female genital mutilation (FGM) are major impediments to the amelioration of women's health in the African Region. To ensure that women and men have equal access to the necessary opportunities to achieve their full health potential and health equity, the health sector and the community need to recognize that women and men differ in terms of both sex and gender. Because of social (gender) and biological (sex) differences, women and men experience different health risks, health-seeking behaviour, health outcomes and responses from health systems.

Furthermore, gender social stratifications have resulted in unequal benefits among various social groups of women and men as well as between women and men. Hence, continued support to Member States to roll out the Women's health strategy and its resolution, and integrating gender into health policies and programmes have been the major achievements.

Women in the African Region are more likely to die from communicable diseases (e.g. HIV, tuberculosis and malaria), maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies, than women in other regions. Globally, about 468 million women aged 15–49 years (30% of all women) are thought to be anaemic, at least half because of iron deficiency and most of these anaemic women live in Africa (48–57%).

It’s reported that 1 in 4 deaths among adult women are caused by NCDs such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Tobacco is a leading risk factor for NCDs and its use is increasing among young women in the Region.

Factsheet

Key Facts

  • Worldwide, women live an average four years longer than men.
  • In 2011, women's life expectancy at birth was more than 80 years in 46 countries, but only 58 years in the WHO African Region.
  • Girls are far more likely than boys to suffer sexual abuse.
  • Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls in high- and upper-middle-income countries.
  • Almost all (99%) of the approximate 287 000 maternal deaths every year occur in developing countries.
  • Globally, cardiovascular disease, often thought to be a "male" problem, is the number one killer of women.
  • Breast cancer is the leading cancer killer among women aged 20–59 years worldwide.
     
     
     
  • Infancy and childhood (0-9 years)
     
     

    Both death rates and the causes of death are similar for boys and girls during infancy and childhood. Prematurity, birth asphyxia and infections are the main causes of death during the first month of life, which is the time of life when the risk of death is the highest.

    Pneumonia, prematurity, birth asphyxia and diarrhoea are the main causes of death during the first five years of life. Malnutrition is a major contributing factor in 45% of deaths in children aged less than 5 years.

    Adolescent girls (10-19 years)
    Mental health and injuries

    Self-inflicted injuries, road traffic injuries and drowning are among the main causes of death worldwide in adolescent girls.

    Depressive disorders and – in adolescents aged 15-19 years, schizophrenia – are leading causes of ill health.

    HIV/AIDS

    In 2011, about 820 000 women and men aged 15-24 were newly infected with HIV in low- and middle-income countries; more than 60% of them were women.

    Globally, adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) are twice as likely to be at risk of HIV infection compared to boys and young men in the same age group. This higher risk of HIV is associated with unsafe and often unwanted and forced sexual activity.

    Adolescent pregnancy

    Early childbearing increases risks for both mothers and their newborns. Although progress has been made in reducing the birth rate among adolescents, more than 15 million of the 135 million live births worldwide are among girls aged 15-19 years.

    Pregnant adolescents are more likely than adults to have unsafe abortions. An estimated three million unsafe abortions occur globally every year among girls aged 15-19 years. Unsafe abortions contribute substantially to lasting health problems and maternal deaths. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are an important cause of death among girls aged 15–19 in low- and middle-income countries.

    Substance use

    Adolescent girls are increasingly using tobacco and alcohol, which risks compromising their health, particularly in later life. In some places girls are using tobacco and alcohol nearly as much as boys. For example, in the WHO Region of the Americas, 23% of boys and 21% of girls aged 13-15 reported that they used tobacco in the previous month.

    Nutrition

    In 21 out of 41 countries with data, more than one third of girls aged 15-19 years are anaemic. Anaemia, most commonly iron-deficiency anaemia, increases the risk of haemorrhage and sepsis during childbirth. It causes cognitive and physical deficits in young children and reduces productivity in adults. Women and girls are most vulnerable to anaemia due to insufficient iron in their diets, menstrual blood loss and periods of rapid growth.

    Reproductive age (15-44 years) and adult women (20-59 years)
    HIV/AIDS

    For women aged 15-44 years, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death worldwide, with unsafe sex being the main risk factor in developing countries. Biological factors, lack of access to information and health services, economic vulnerability and unequal power in sexual relations expose women, particularly young women, to HIV infection.

    Maternal health

    Maternal deaths are the second biggest killer of women of reproductive age. Every year, approximately 287 000 women die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, 99% of them are in developing countries.

    Despite the increase in contraceptive use over the past 30 years, many women in all regions still do not have access to modern contraceptive methods. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, one in four women who wish to delay or stop childbearing does not use any family planning method.

    Tuberculosis

    Tuberculosis is often linked to HIV infection and is among the five leading causes of death, in low-income countries, among women of reproductive age and among adult women aged 20–59 years.

    Injuries

    Both self-inflicted injuries and road injuries figure among the top 10 causes of death among adult women (20-59 years) globally. In the WHO South-East Asia Region, burns are among the top 10 leading causes of death among women aged 15–44. Women suffer significantly more fire-related injuries and deaths than men, due to cooking accidents or as the result of intimate partner and family violence.

    Cervical cancer

    Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with all cases linked to a sexually transmitted genital infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Due to poor access to screening and treatment services, more than 90% of deaths occur in women living in low- and middle- income countries.

    Violence

    Violence against women is widespread around the world. Recent figures indicate that 35% of women worldwide have experienced either intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. On average, 30% of women who have been in a relationship experienced some form of physical or sexual violence by their partner.

    Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an intimate partner.

    Women who have been physically or sexually abused have higher rates of mental ill-health, unintended pregnancies, abortions and miscarriages than non-abused women. Women exposed to partner violence are twice as likely to be depressed, almost twice as likely to have alcohol use disorders, and 1.5 times more likely to have HIV or another sexually transmitted infection. 42% of them have experienced injuries as a result. Increasingly in many conflicts, sexual violence is also used as a tactic of war.

    Depression and suicide

    Women are more susceptible to depression and anxiety than men. Depression is the leading cause of disease burden for women in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Depression following childbirth, affects 20% of mothers in low- and lower-middle-income countries, which is even higher than previous reports from high-income countries.

    Every year, an estimated 800 000 people die from suicide globally, the majority being men. However, there are exceptions, for instance in China where the suicide rate in rural areas is higher among women than men. Attempted suicide, which exceeds suicide by up to 20 times, is generally more frequent among women than men and causes an unrecognized burden of disability. At the same time, attempted suicide is an important risk factor for death from suicide and shows the need for appropriate health services for this group.

    Disabilities

    Disability – which affects 15% of the world’s population – is more common among women than men. Women with disabilities have poorer health outcomes, lower education achievements, less economic participation and higher rates of poverty than women without disabilities. Adult women with disabilities are at least 1.5 times more likely to be a victim of violence than those without a disability.

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    Tobacco use and the burning of solid fuels for cooking are the primary risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a life-threatening lung disease – in women. One third of all of the COPD deaths and disease burden in women is caused by exposure to indoor smoke from cooking with open fires or inefficient stoves.

    Older women (60 years and over)

    Globally, men slightly outnumber women but, as women tend to live longer than men, they represent a higher proportion of older adults: 54% of people 60 years of age and older are women, a proportion that rises to almost 60% at age 75 and older, and to 70% at age 90 and older.

    Noncommunicable diseases

    Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers, are the biggest causes of death among older women, regardless of the level of economic development of the country in which they live. Cardiovascular diseases account for 46% of older women’s deaths globally, while a further 14% of deaths are caused by cancers – mainly cancers of the lung, breast, colon and stomach. Chronic respiratory conditions, mainly COPD, cause another 9% of older women’s deaths.

    Many of the health problems faced by women in older age are the result of exposure to risk factors in adolescence and adulthood, such as smoking, sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets.

    Disability

    Other health problems experienced by older women that decrease physical and cognitive functioning include poor vision (including cataracts), hearing loss, arthritis, depression and dementia. Although men also suffer from these conditions, in many countries women are less likely to receive treatment or supportive aids than men.

    Older women experience more disability than men, reflecting broader determinants of health such as:

    • inequities in norms and policies that disadvantage women;
    • changing household structures; and
    • higher rates of unpaid or informal sector work.

    These factors combine to increase vulnerabilities, and reduce access to needed and effective health services.

Overview

Gender inequity, poverty among women, weak economic capacity, sexual and gender-based violence including female genital mutilation (FGM) are major impediments to the amelioration of women's health in the African Region. To ensure that women and men have equal access to the necessary opportunities to achieve their full health potential and health equity, the health sector and the community need to recognize that women and men differ in terms of both sex and gender. Because of social (gender) and biological (sex) differences, women and men experience different health risks, health-seeking behaviour, health outcomes and responses from health systems.

Furthermore, gender social stratifications have resulted in unequal benefits among various social groups of women and men as well as between women and men. Hence, continued support to Member States to roll out the Women's health strategy and its resolution, and integrating gender into health policies and programmes have been the major achievements.

Women in the African Region are more likely to die from communicable diseases (e.g. HIV, tuberculosis and malaria), maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies, than women in other regions. Globally, about 468 million women aged 15–49 years (30% of all women) are thought to be anaemic, at least half because of iron deficiency and most of these anaemic women live in Africa (48–57%).

It’s reported that 1 in 4 deaths among adult women are caused by NCDs such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Tobacco is a leading risk factor for NCDs and its use is increasing among young women in the Region.

Factsheet

Key Facts

  • Worldwide, women live an average four years longer than men.
  • In 2011, women's life expectancy at birth was more than 80 years in 46 countries, but only 58 years in the WHO African Region.
  • Girls are far more likely than boys to suffer sexual abuse.
  • Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls in high- and upper-middle-income countries.
  • Almost all (99%) of the approximate 287 000 maternal deaths every year occur in developing countries.
  • Globally, cardiovascular disease, often thought to be a "male" problem, is the number one killer of women.
  • Breast cancer is the leading cancer killer among women aged 20–59 years worldwide.
     
     
     
  • Infancy and childhood (0-9 years)
     
     

    Both death rates and the causes of death are similar for boys and girls during infancy and childhood. Prematurity, birth asphyxia and infections are the main causes of death during the first month of life, which is the time of life when the risk of death is the highest.

    Pneumonia, prematurity, birth asphyxia and diarrhoea are the main causes of death during the first five years of life. Malnutrition is a major contributing factor in 45% of deaths in children aged less than 5 years.

    Adolescent girls (10-19 years)
    Mental health and injuries

    Self-inflicted injuries, road traffic injuries and drowning are among the main causes of death worldwide in adolescent girls.

    Depressive disorders and – in adolescents aged 15-19 years, schizophrenia – are leading causes of ill health.

    HIV/AIDS

    In 2011, about 820 000 women and men aged 15-24 were newly infected with HIV in low- and middle-income countries; more than 60% of them were women.

    Globally, adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) are twice as likely to be at risk of HIV infection compared to boys and young men in the same age group. This higher risk of HIV is associated with unsafe and often unwanted and forced sexual activity.

    Adolescent pregnancy

    Early childbearing increases risks for both mothers and their newborns. Although progress has been made in reducing the birth rate among adolescents, more than 15 million of the 135 million live births worldwide are among girls aged 15-19 years.

    Pregnant adolescents are more likely than adults to have unsafe abortions. An estimated three million unsafe abortions occur globally every year among girls aged 15-19 years. Unsafe abortions contribute substantially to lasting health problems and maternal deaths. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are an important cause of death among girls aged 15–19 in low- and middle-income countries.

    Substance use

    Adolescent girls are increasingly using tobacco and alcohol, which risks compromising their health, particularly in later life. In some places girls are using tobacco and alcohol nearly as much as boys. For example, in the WHO Region of the Americas, 23% of boys and 21% of girls aged 13-15 reported that they used tobacco in the previous month.

    Nutrition

    In 21 out of 41 countries with data, more than one third of girls aged 15-19 years are anaemic. Anaemia, most commonly iron-deficiency anaemia, increases the risk of haemorrhage and sepsis during childbirth. It causes cognitive and physical deficits in young children and reduces productivity in adults. Women and girls are most vulnerable to anaemia due to insufficient iron in their diets, menstrual blood loss and periods of rapid growth.

    Reproductive age (15-44 years) and adult women (20-59 years)
    HIV/AIDS

    For women aged 15-44 years, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death worldwide, with unsafe sex being the main risk factor in developing countries. Biological factors, lack of access to information and health services, economic vulnerability and unequal power in sexual relations expose women, particularly young women, to HIV infection.

    Maternal health

    Maternal deaths are the second biggest killer of women of reproductive age. Every year, approximately 287 000 women die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, 99% of them are in developing countries.

    Despite the increase in contraceptive use over the past 30 years, many women in all regions still do not have access to modern contraceptive methods. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, one in four women who wish to delay or stop childbearing does not use any family planning method.

    Tuberculosis

    Tuberculosis is often linked to HIV infection and is among the five leading causes of death, in low-income countries, among women of reproductive age and among adult women aged 20–59 years.

    Injuries

    Both self-inflicted injuries and road injuries figure among the top 10 causes of death among adult women (20-59 years) globally. In the WHO South-East Asia Region, burns are among the top 10 leading causes of death among women aged 15–44. Women suffer significantly more fire-related injuries and deaths than men, due to cooking accidents or as the result of intimate partner and family violence.

    Cervical cancer

    Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with all cases linked to a sexually transmitted genital infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Due to poor access to screening and treatment services, more than 90% of deaths occur in women living in low- and middle- income countries.

    Violence

    Violence against women is widespread around the world. Recent figures indicate that 35% of women worldwide have experienced either intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. On average, 30% of women who have been in a relationship experienced some form of physical or sexual violence by their partner.

    Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an intimate partner.

    Women who have been physically or sexually abused have higher rates of mental ill-health, unintended pregnancies, abortions and miscarriages than non-abused women. Women exposed to partner violence are twice as likely to be depressed, almost twice as likely to have alcohol use disorders, and 1.5 times more likely to have HIV or another sexually transmitted infection. 42% of them have experienced injuries as a result. Increasingly in many conflicts, sexual violence is also used as a tactic of war.

    Depression and suicide

    Women are more susceptible to depression and anxiety than men. Depression is the leading cause of disease burden for women in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Depression following childbirth, affects 20% of mothers in low- and lower-middle-income countries, which is even higher than previous reports from high-income countries.

    Every year, an estimated 800 000 people die from suicide globally, the majority being men. However, there are exceptions, for instance in China where the suicide rate in rural areas is higher among women than men. Attempted suicide, which exceeds suicide by up to 20 times, is generally more frequent among women than men and causes an unrecognized burden of disability. At the same time, attempted suicide is an important risk factor for death from suicide and shows the need for appropriate health services for this group.

    Disabilities

    Disability – which affects 15% of the world’s population – is more common among women than men. Women with disabilities have poorer health outcomes, lower education achievements, less economic participation and higher rates of poverty than women without disabilities. Adult women with disabilities are at least 1.5 times more likely to be a victim of violence than those without a disability.

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    Tobacco use and the burning of solid fuels for cooking are the primary risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a life-threatening lung disease – in women. One third of all of the COPD deaths and disease burden in women is caused by exposure to indoor smoke from cooking with open fires or inefficient stoves.

    Older women (60 years and over)

    Globally, men slightly outnumber women but, as women tend to live longer than men, they represent a higher proportion of older adults: 54% of people 60 years of age and older are women, a proportion that rises to almost 60% at age 75 and older, and to 70% at age 90 and older.

    Noncommunicable diseases

    Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers, are the biggest causes of death among older women, regardless of the level of economic development of the country in which they live. Cardiovascular diseases account for 46% of older women’s deaths globally, while a further 14% of deaths are caused by cancers – mainly cancers of the lung, breast, colon and stomach. Chronic respiratory conditions, mainly COPD, cause another 9% of older women’s deaths.

    Many of the health problems faced by women in older age are the result of exposure to risk factors in adolescence and adulthood, such as smoking, sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets.

    Disability

    Other health problems experienced by older women that decrease physical and cognitive functioning include poor vision (including cataracts), hearing loss, arthritis, depression and dementia. Although men also suffer from these conditions, in many countries women are less likely to receive treatment or supportive aids than men.

    Older women experience more disability than men, reflecting broader determinants of health such as:

    • inequities in norms and policies that disadvantage women;
    • changing household structures; and
    • higher rates of unpaid or informal sector work.

    These factors combine to increase vulnerabilities, and reduce access to needed and effective health services.

Subcategories

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